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Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2001) - Niue (2001)
Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2001) z Niue (2001)
| Holy See (Vatican City) (2001) | Niue (2001) | |
-2001-bmala.jpg) |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages each with its own village council whose members are elected and serve three-year terms |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | - | coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle |
| Airports | none | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Vatican and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include the failing health of Pope John Paul II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the adjustment of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. | Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to 2,100 in 2000) with substantial emigration to New Zealand. |
| Birth rate | - | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues:
$209.6 million expenditures: $198.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997) |
revenues:
$NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | Vatican City | Alofi |
| Climate | temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 64 km |
| Constitution | Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968) | 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) |
conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island |
| Currency | Italian lira (ITL); euro (EUR) | New Zealand dollar (NZD) |
| Death rate | - | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | - | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant) embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00162 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box F, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 5758346 |
none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriele MONTALVO chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 |
none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | $8.3 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. | Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 2.8 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 3 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m |
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification |
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Italians, Swiss, other | Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Vatican lire per US dollar - 2,099 (2000), 1817.2 (1999), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996); note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira; the Vatican will start using euros in 2002 in conjunction with Italy at a fixed rate of 1,936.17 lire per euro | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997), 1.4543 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope |
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Sani LAKATANI (since 1 April 1999) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002) election results: Sani LAKATANI elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA% |
| Exports | - | $117,500 (f.o.b., 1989) |
| Exports - commodities | - | canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | - | NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band | yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $4.5 million (1997 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $2,800 (1997 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 41 54 N, 12 27 E | 19 02 S, 169 52 W |
| Geography - note | urban; landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights | one of world's largest coral islands |
| Heliports | 1 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | none; all city streets | total:
234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | $4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989) |
| Imports - commodities | - | food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs |
| Imports - partners | - | NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Samoa, Australia, US |
| Independence | 11 February 1929 (from Italy) | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities | tourism, handicrafts, food processing |
| Infant mortality rate | - | NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 1% (1995) |
| International organization participation | CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, Intelsat, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WHO (observer), WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer) | ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 93 (Holy See and Italy) (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1993) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | none; normally handled by Italy | Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue |
| Labor force | NA | 450 (1992 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican | most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board |
| Land boundaries | total:
3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (urban area) |
arable land:
19% permanent crops: 8% permanent pastures: 4% forests and woodland: 19% other: 50% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages | Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English |
| Legal system | NA | English common law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Pontifical Commission | unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition:
NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga |
| Map references | Europe | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand |
| Military branches | - | Police Force |
| National holiday | Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978) | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) |
| Nationality | noun:
none adjective: none |
noun:
Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean |
| Natural hazards | NA | typhoons |
| Natural resources | none | fish, arable land |
| Net migration rate | - | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | none | Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Sani LAKATANI] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) | NA |
| Population | 890 (July 2001 est.) | 2,124 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.15% (2001 est.) | 0.5% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | NA | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total:
862 m; note - a spur of the Italian Railways system, serving Rome's Saint Peter's station standard gauge: 862 m 1.435-m gauge (1999) |
0 km |
| Religions | Roman Catholic | Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
| Suffrage | limited to cardinals less than 80 years old | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
automatic exchange domestic: tied into Italian system international: uses Italian system |
general assessment:
primitive system domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 376 (1991) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 0 (1991) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1996) | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | low hill | steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | - | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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